5 Speaking Rules you need to know!
1. Don't study grammar too much
2. Learn and study phrases
3. Reading and Listening is NOT enough. Practice Speaking what you hear!
4. Submerge yourself
5. Study correct material
This rule might sound strange to many ESL students, but it is one of the most important rules. If you want to pass examinations, then study grammar. However, if you want to become fluent in English, then you should try to learn English without studying the grammar.
Studying grammar will only slow you down and confuse you. You will think about the rules when creating sentences instead of naturally saying a sentence like a native. Remember that only a small fraction of English speakers know more than 20% of all the grammar rules. Many ESL students know more grammar than native speakers. I can confidently say this with experience. I am a native English speaker, majored in English Literature, and have been teaching English for more than 10 years. However, many of my students know more details about English grammar than I do. I can easily look up the definition and apply it, but I don't know it off the top of my head.
I often ask my native English friends some grammar questions, and only a few of them know the correct answer. However, they are fluent in English and can read, speak, listen, and communicate effectively.
Many students learn vocabulary and try to put many words together to create a proper sentence. It amazes me how many words some of my students know, but they cannot create a proper sentence. The reason is because they didn't study phrases. When children learn a language, they learn both words and phrases together. Likewise, you need to study and learn phrases.
If you know 1000 words, you might not be able to say one correct sentence. But if you know 1 phrase, you can make hundreds of correct sentences. If you know 100 phrases, you will be surprised at how many correct sentences you will be able to say. Finally, when you know only a 1000 phrases, you will be almost a fluent English speaker.
The English Speaking Basics section is a great example of making numerous sentences with a single phrase. So don't spend hours and hours learning many different words. Use that time to study phrases instead and you will be closer to English fluency.
Don't translate
When you want to create an English sentence, do not translate the words from your Mother tongue. The order of words is probably completely different and you will be both slow and incorrect by doing this. Instead, learn phrases and sentences so you don't have to think about the words you are saying. It should be automatic.
Another problem with translating is that you will be trying to incorporate grammar rules that you have learned. Translating and thinking about the grammar to create English sentences is incorrect and should be avoided.
Reading, listening, and speaking are the most important aspects of any language. The same is true for English. However, speaking is the only requirement to be fluent. It is normal for babies and children to learn speaking first, become fluent, then start reading, then writing. So the natural order is listening, speaking, reading, then writing.
First Problem
Isn't it strange that schools across the world teach reading first, then writing, then listening, and finally speaking? Although it is different, the main reason is because when you learn a second language, you need to read material to understand and learn it. So even though the natural order is listening, speaking, reading, then writing, the order for ESL students is reading, listening, speaking, then writing.
Second Problem
The reason many people can read and listen is because that's all they practice. But in order to speak English fluently, you need to practice speaking. Don't stop at the listening portion, and when you study, don't just listen. Speak out loud the material you are listening to and practice what you hear. Practice speaking out loud until your mouth and brain can do it without any effort. By doing so, you will be able to speak English fluently.
Being able to speak a language is not related to how smart you are. Anyone can learn how to speak any language. This is a proven fact by everyone in the world. Everyone can speak at least one language. Whether you are intelligent, or lacking some brain power, you are able to speak one language.
This was achieved by being around that language at all times. In your country, you hear and speak your language constantly. You will notice that many people who are good English speakers are the ones who studied in an English speaking school. They can speak English not because they went to an English speaking school, but because they had an environment where they can be around English speaking people constantly.
There are also some people who study abroad and learn very little. That is because they went to an English speaking school, but found friends from their own country and didn't practice English.
You don't have to go anywhere to become a fluent English speaker. You only need to surround yourself with English. You can do this by making rules with your existing friends that you will only speak English. You can also carry around an iPod and constantly listen to English sentences. As you can see, you can achieve results by changing what your surroundings are. Submerge yourself in English and you will learn several times faster.
A common phrase that is incorrect is, "Practice makes perfect." This is far from the truth. Practice only makes what you are practicing permanent. If you practice the incorrect sentence, you will have perfected saying the sentence incorrectly. Therefore, it is important that you study material that is commonly used by most people.
Another problem I see is that many students study the news. However, the language they speak is more formal and the content they use is more political and not used in regular life. It is important to understand what they are saying, but this is more of an advanced lesson that should be studied after learning the fundamental basics of English.
Studying English with a friend who is not a native English speaker is both good and bad. You should be aware of the pros and cons of speaking with a non native speaking friend. Practicing with a non native person will give you practice. You can also motivate each other and point out basic mistakes. But you might pick up bad habits from one another if you are not sure about what are correct and incorrect sentences. So use these practice times as a time period to practice the correct material you studied. Not to learn how to say a sentence.
In short, study English material that you can trust, that is commonly used, and that is correct.
Fakta Menarik Yang Anda Mungkin Tidak Tahu
- Secara purata seorang manusia mampu hidup tanpa air sehingga hari ke 11.
- Pada tahun 1800, hanya terdapat 50 buah bandar di dunia yang mempunyai populasi melebihi 100,000 orang.
- Selain Napoleon yang diketahui mempunyai sifat fobia kepada kucing, turut mengalami masalah yang sama adalah Raja Henry III dari Perancis dan Louis XVI dari Perancis.
- Kumbang adalah lebih kalis racun pada sebelah pagi berbanding sebelah malam.
- Pokok koko adalah pokok yang paling banyak dihuni oleh serangga di hutan.
- Pada tahun 1221, anak perempuan kepada Genghis Khan telah mengarahkan agar keseluruhan populasi yang berada di bandar Nishapur (kira-kira 60,000 orang) dibunuh dalam tempoh sejam. Arahan itu dibuat sejurus suaminya dibunuh.
- Lebih banyak besi digunakan di Amerika Syarikat untuk membuat penutup botol daripada penggunaannya sebagai bahan badan automobil.
- Sebelum tahun 1850, bola-bola golf diperbuat daripada kulit dan diisi dengan bulu-bulu.
- Jam-jam yang diperbuat sebelum tahun 1687 hanya mempunyai satu tangan sahaja iaitu yang menunjukkan ke arah jam.
- Monaco adalah sebesar 370 ekar sahaja.
- Dalam tulisan Cina, terdapat kira-kira 40,000 karaktor yang berbeza.
- Negeri di Amerika Syarikat yang mempunyai peratusan pekerja yang berjalan kaki ke tempat kerja paling tinggi ialah di Alaska.
- Bandaraya yang mempunyai kapita kereta Rolls Royce paling tinggi di dunia ialah Hong Kong.
- Alatan muzik 'bagpipe' pada asalnya diperbuat daripada keseluruhan kulit kambing biri-biri yang telah mati.
- Penghalau nyamuk bukannya berfungsi menghalau nyamuk sebaliknya ia menghalang kuasa mengesan nyamuk jadi ia tidak mengetahui di mana mangsanya berada.
- Gas metana selalu boleh dilihat dalam keadaan berbuih-buih dari dasar sebuah kolam kerana ia boleh terhasil dari dikomposisi haiwan dan tumbuh-tumbuhan yang telah mati dalam lumpur.
ILMU
Di dalam al-Quran ilmu dapat dimaksudkan dengan pelbagai makna, tetapi di sini cukuplah dengan membicarakan pengertian ilmu itu dalam Bahasa Melayu sahaja. Ilmu menurut Kamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka bererti ;
- Pengetahuan dalam perkara dunia, akhirat, zahir, batin dan lain-lain.
- Kajian dalam sesuatu perkara.
- Hadirnya makna dalam diri seseorang.
Dari segi pemahaman yang mudah, ilmu bermaksud suatu pengetahuan yang merangkumi pengetahuan yang diperolehi melalui belajar atau proses dan aktiviti pembelajaran seperti pemerhatian, kajian, eksperimen dan sebagainya serta boleh juga diperolehi melalui pengalaman.
Ilmu juga merangkumi pengetahuan mengenai perkara yang berasaskan kebenaran, kebatilan, keraguan (bimbang atau bingung) dan syak (was-was).
Selain dari itu, ilmu juga berbentuk umum yang meliputi pengetahuan mengenai hal-hal keduniaan dan akhirat, iaitu ilmu fardhu ain dan fardhu kifayah.
Fardhu Ain: Ilmu yang wajib dipelajari seperti tauhid (mengesakan Allah yang Maha Agung), syariat (solat, mempelajari al-Quran atau mempelajari perintah dan larangan) dan tasauf (ilmu akhlak atau sifat-sifat terpuji dan sifat-sifat yang dikeji seperti adab berjiran, adab bergaul, adab selisih faham, adab makan, adab mandi dan lain-lain).
Keingkaran untuk mempelajari fardhu ain ini bagi setiap individu hukumnya adalah berdosa.
Fardhu Kifayah: Ilmu yang menjadi tanggungjawab sekumpulan tertentu bagi mewakili orang Islam, atau untuk mewakili masyarakat.
Andaikata tiada seorang pun di kalangan orang Islam yang mempelajarinya, maka semua ahli masyarakat berdosa. Contohnya, ahli tafsir, usahawan, saintis, doktor dan lain-lain.
Dari Anas bin Malik r.a : Rasulullah saw bersabda, "Mencari ilmu adalah fardhu bagi setiap orang Islam." - Sahih - Ibnu Majah [0184]
PENGKELASAN PERPULUHAN DEWEY (DDC)
1. Pengelasan Perpuluhan Dewey atau Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) merupakan pengelasan bahan perpustakaan yang dibina pada tahun 1878 oleh Melvil Dewey (1851-1931).
2. DDC merupakan sistem pengelasan buku dan lain-lain bahan perpustakaan yang menggunakan sepuluh kelas pengetahuan utama.
3. Merupakan sistem pengelasan terawal di dunia dan paling banyak digunakan di dunia. (Lebih 135 negara yang menggunakan DDC).
4. DDC digunakan untuk mengurus dan menyediakan akses kepada koleksi perpustakaan masing-masing.
5. Melvil Dewey (1851-1931) merupakan pelopor atau individu yang bertanggungjawab mencipta DDC untuk buku pada 1876. Melvil Dewey atau nama sebenarnya Melville Louis Kossuth Dewey dilahirkan pada 10 Disember 1851 di sebuah bandar kecil di utara New York. Beliau melanjutkan pelajaran di Kolej Amherst.
DDC membahagikan semua ilmu pengetahuan kepada 10 bahagian utama. Ia dikenali sebagai Ringkasan Pertama.
000 Karya Am
100 Falsafah
200 Agama
300 Sains Kemasyarakatan
400 Bahasa
500 Sains Tulen & Matematik
600 Teknologi
700 Kesenian
800 Kesusasteraan
900 Geografi & Sejarah
Daripada sepuluh bahagian utama dibahagikan pula kepada pembahagian kecil yang dipanggil Ringkasan Kedua.
Contoh:
500 Sains Tulen
510 Matematik
520 Astronomi
530 Fizik
540 Kimia
550 Sains Bumi
560 Kaji Fosil
570 Sains Hayat
580 Sains Tumbuhan
590 Sains Haiwan
Daripada Ringkasan Kedua, dibahagikan pula kepada bahagian yang lebih kecil untuk menunjukkan perkara yang lebih khusus.
Contoh:
510 Matematik
511 Prinsip Am
512 Algebra dan Teori Angka
513 Kira-kira
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